Continuous Wave of Condensation Improves the Filling of Curved Canals: a Micro-CT Study / La condensación de onda contínua mejora el selle de canales curvos: un estudio de micro-CT

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the filling capacity in curved root canal using a new continuous wave of condensation technique (Termo Pack II, Easy Dental Equipments, Brazil) or lateral compaction. The percentage of voids in the filling of mesial root canals of mandibular molars was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Mesial root canals (n=24) of mandibular molars with a degree of curvature between 20° and 40° were prepared using rotary system (ProDesign Logic, Easy, Brazil) up to #35, .05 taper. The root canals were filled by using the continuous wave of condensation system or lateral compaction and AH Plus sealer (n=12). Scanning at 9 µm was performed after preparation and after filling by using micro-CT SkyScan 1176. The volumetric percentage of filling material and voids (total length and in each root canal third) were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/ Tukey and Student's t tests (α=0.05). Before the filling techniques, the root canals volume after preparation was similar (p>0.05). The root canals filled by the continuous wave of condensation technique presented the lowest percentage of voids, and the greatest percentage of filling material in total length and thirds (cervical, middle and apical) (p<0.05). Both techniques were not able of completely filling the root canals. The continuous wave of condensation technique Termo Pack II promoted better root canal filling in curved root canals, when compared with lateral compaction.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la capacidad de obturación en conductos radiculares curvos utilizando una nueva técnica de condensación de onda continua (Termo Pack II, Easy Dental Equipments, Brasil) vs compactación lateral. El porcentaje de brechas en la obturación de los conductos radiculares mesiales de los molares mandibulares se evaluó mediante microtomografía computarizada (micro-CT). Se prepararon conductos radiculares mesiales (n=24) de molares mandibulares con un grado de curvatura entre 20° y 40° utilizando un sistema rotatorio (ProDesign Logic, Easy, Brasil) al #35, conicidad 0,05. Los conductos radiculares se obturaron utilizando un sistema de condensación de onda contínua o compactación lateral y cemento AH Plus (n=12). Se realizó un escaneo de 9 µm después de la preparación y después de la obturación usando el micro-CT SkyScan 1176. Se calculó el porcentaje volumétrico de material de obturación y vacíos (longitud total y en cada tercio del conducto radicular). Los datos se analizaron utilizando las pruebas ANOVA/Tukey y t de Student (α=0,05). Antes de las técnicas de obturación, el volumen de los conductos radiculares después de la preparación fue similar (p>0,05). Los conductos radiculares obturados con la técnica de condensación por onda contínua presentaron el menor porcentaje de vacíos y el mayor porcentaje de material de obturación en longitud total y en tercios (cervical, medio y apical) (p<0,05). Ambas técnicas no fueron capaces de llenar completamente los conductos radiculares. La técnica de condensación de onda contínua Termo Pack II promovió un mejor relleno del conducto radicular en conductos radiculares curvos en comparación con la compactación lateral.

Enzyme inhibition and antibacterial potential of 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives

The 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives are known to show a broad spectrum of pharmacological applications. In this paper we are reporting the synthesis of a new series of 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives synthesized through Knovenegal condensation; they were characterized by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopies. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium strains. The compounds (2), (3) and (8) showed favorable antibacterial activity with zone of inhibitions 26.5± 0.84, 26.0 ± 0.56 and 26.0 ± 0.26 against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) respectively. However, the compounds (5) and (9) were found more active with 19.5 ± 0.59 and 19.5 ± 0.32 zone of inhibitions against Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative). Whereas, in urease inhibition assay, none of the synthesized derivatives showed significant anti-urease activity; although, in carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition assay, the compound (2) and (6) showed enzyme inhibition activity with IC50 values 263±0.3 and 456±0.1, respectively.

Design, Synthesis and molecular docking study of hybrids of quinazolin-4(3H)-one as anticancer agents / Diseño, síntesis y estudio de acoplamiento molecular de híbridos de quinazolinona-tiazolidin-4-onas como agentes anticancerígenos

A series of 4-(2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-N-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-5-(arylidene)thiazolidin-3-yl) benzamides (VIa-n) have been synthesized by condensation of N-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-4-(4-oxo-2-(4-substituted phenyl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)benzamides (Va-b) with various aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes using conventional methodology. All compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against the human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), human lung cancer cell lines (A549) using MTT assay method and doxorubicin is used as standard drug. Compound VId, VIk and VIn showed high potency against A549 cell lines with IC50 values 0.035±0.002 µM, 0.031±0.002 µM and 0.030±0.002 µM respectively compared to 0.023±0.002 µM showed by the standard. However, highest activity against MCF-7 cell lines was exhibited by Va, Vb, VIk and VIn with IC50 values between 0.040 - 0.050 µM. All the remaining compounds showed moderate anticancer activity against both the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. To understand the interactions with active binding site of receptor, molecular docking study was also performed

Una serie de 2- (4-sustituido fenil) -4-oxoquinazolin-3 (4H) -il) -N- (2- (4-fluorofenil) -4-oxo-5- (arilideno) tiazolidin-3-ilo) benzamidas (VIa-n) han sido sintetizadas por condensación de N- (2- (4-fluorofenil) -4-oxotiazolidin-3-il) -4- (4-oxo-2- (4-fenil sustituido) quinazolin-3 (4H) -il) benzamidas (Va-b) con diversos aldehídos de arilo / heteroarilo usando metodología convencional. Todos los compuestos se cribaron para su actividad anticancerosa in vitro contra las líneas celulares de cáncer de mama humano (MCF-7), líneas celulares de cáncer de pulmón humano (A549) usando el método de ensayo MTT y se usa doxorrubicina como fármaco estándar. El compuesto VId, VIk y VIn mostraron alta potencia contra las líneas celulares A549 con valores IC50 de 0.035 ± 0.002 μM, 0.031 ± 0.002 μM y 0.030 ± 0.002 μM, respectivamente, en comparación con 0.023 ± 0.002 μM mostrada por el estándar. Sin embargo, la actividad más alta contra líneas celulares MCF-7 fue exhibida por Va, Vb, VIk y VIn con valores de CI50 entre 0.040 - 0.050 μM. Todos los compuestos restantes mostraron una actividad anticancerígena moderada contra las líneas celulares MCF-7 y A549. Para comprender las interacciones con el sitio de unión activa del receptor, también se realizó el estudio de acoplamiento molecular

Exhaled breath condensate in asthma: Are we stupid if we do not keep it simple?

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Diagnostic value of a pattern of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in asthmatic children

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing asthma in children is a challenge and using a single biomarker from exhaled breath condensate (EBC) showed the lack of improvement in it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of a pattern of simple chemical biomarkers from EBC in diagnosing asthma in children in a real-life setting, its association with lung function and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: In 75 consecutive children aged 5-7 years with asthma-like symptoms the following tests were performed: skin prick tests, spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS), exhaled NO (FENO), 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring and EBC collection with subsequent analysis of pH, carbon dioxide tension, oxygen tension, and concentrations of magnesium, calcium, iron and urates. RESULTS: No significant differences were found for individual EBC biomarkers between asthmatics and non-asthmatics (p > 0.05 for all). A pattern of six EBC biomarkers showed a statistically significant (p = 0.046) predictive model for asthma (AUC = 0.698, PPV = 84.2%, NPV = 38.9%). None to moderate association (R2 up to 0.43) between EBC biomarkers and lung function measures and FENO was found, with IOS parameters showing the best association with EBC biomarkers. A significantly higher EBC Fe was found in children with asthma and GERD compared to asthmatics without GERD (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: An approach that involves a pattern of EBC biomarkers had a better diagnostic accuracy for asthma in children in real-life settings compared to a single one. Poor to moderate association of EBC biomarkers with lung function suggests a complementary value of EBC analysis for asthma diagnosis in children

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Condensation, Trauma and Perceptive Density of Language - Freud with Jorge Luis Borges

This essay examines the question of perceptual vividness, which will lead to an exploration of condensation in its articulation with trauma. A hypothesis is then formulated around the existence of two different types of reproduction of the traces inscribed in the psychic apparatus: one to do with memory, the other with re-living. Jorge Luis Borges' story 'The Aleph' helps us to think about those traces as the letter - and about its relationship with perception as traumatic excess (AU)

A Condensação, o Trauma e a Densidade Perceptiva da Linguagem - Freud com Jorge Luís Borges. O exame da questão da vivacidade perceptiva no sonho leva, neste ensaio, à condensação em sua articulação com o trauma. Formula-se então a hipótese da existência de dois tipos diferentes de reprodução dos traços inscritos no aparelho psíquico: um de memória e outro de revivescência. O conto "O Aleph", de Jorge Luís Borges, ajuda a pensar o traço como letra e sua relação com a percepção como um excesso traumático (AU)

Condensation, Trauma and Perceptive Density of Language - Freud with Jorge Luis Borges

This essay examines the question of perceptual vividness, which will lead to an exploration of condensation in its articulation with trauma. A hypothesis is then formulated around the existence of two different types of reproduction of the traces inscribed in the psychic apparatus: one to do with memory, the other with re-living. Jorge Luis Borges' story 'The Aleph' helps us to think about those traces as the letter - and about its relationship with perception as traumatic excess.

A Condensação, o Trauma e a Densidade Perceptiva da Linguagem - Freud com Jorge Luís Borges. O exame da questão da vivacidade perceptiva no sonho leva, neste ensaio, à condensação em sua articulação com o trauma. Formula-se então a hipótese da existência de dois tipos diferentes de reprodução dos traços inscritos no aparelho psíquico: um de memória e outro de revivescência. O conto "O Aleph", de Jorge Luís Borges, ajuda a pensar o traço como letra e sua relação com a percepção como um excesso traumático.

Sealing ability of two commonly used root canal sealers with and without smear layer

AIM: The aim of current research was to find out the sealing ability of two commonly used sealers in the presence and absence of smear layer at different time interval. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total of 180 single rooted vital teeth were used. Transversal section was made with the help of digital slow speed cutting saw to divide the root and crown part. After removal of crown roots part was instrumented and prepared. The 180 teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=90) 1 and 2. In group 1 the smear layer was kept intact but it was removed from group 2 with EDTA (17%). Group 1 was then divided into two sub-groups, A1, A2. Group 2 was again separated into two sub-groups, B1 and B2. Each sub-group contained of 45 samples. In sub-groups A1 and B1, AH Plus sealer, in sub-groups A2 and B2, Ketac-endo sealer and cold lateral condensation technique was used for obturation with gutta percha. All samples were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours, with help of nail polish/varnish all samples root surfaces was painted only excluding apical area after words each sub group were further divided in to three groups of 15 to represent immersion periods of 7,15 and 30 days. All samples were then kept in 5 % methylene blue dye solution at 37o c for their respective time periods. After specific time period, the roots of every group were cut longitudinally and evaluate under a stereomicroscopes to evaluate apical micro leakage in millimeter. Data was subjected to Repeated measure ANOVA with post-hoc analysis using Tukey and bonferroni tests. RESULTS: Overall analysis indicated significant reduction in sealing ability canals in with and without smear layer over different time periods (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Current study has concluded that AH plus sealer provides significantly better seal in the absence of smear layer than in the presence of smear layer in addition it gave better seal than Ketac-Endo sealer in the absence and presence of smear layer.

Increase of pro-oxidants with no evidence of lipid peroxidation in exhaled breath condensate after a 10-km race in non-athletes

It is a well-established fact that exercise increases pro-oxidants and favors oxidative stress; however, this phenomenon has been poorly studied in human lungs. Pro-oxidative generation (H2O2, NO2 −), lipid peroxidation markers (MDA), and inflammation (pH) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) have been determined through data from 10 active subjects who ran 10 km; samples were obtained immediately before, at 20, and at 80 min post-exertion. In EBC, the concentration of H2O2at 80 min post-exertion was increased. NO2 − concentration showed a tendency to increase at 80 min post-exertion, with no variations in MDA and pH. No variations of NO2 − were found in plasma, while there was an increase of NO2 − at 80 min post-exertion in the relation between EBC and plasma. NO2 − in EBC did not correlate to plasmatic NO2 −, while it did correlate directly with H2O2 in EBC, suggesting a localized origin for the exercise-related NO2 − increase in EBC. MDA in plasma did not increase nor correlate with MDA in EBC. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise increases lung-originated pro-oxidants in non-athlete subjects with no evidence of early lipid peroxidation and changes in the pH value in EBC

Exhaled breath condensate pH in mechanically ventilated patients

Objectives In this prospective clinical trial we aimed to answer if spontaneous exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in the trap of the expiratory arm of the ventilator could replace EBC collected by coolant chamber standardized with Argon as an inert gas. Second, if EBC pH could predict ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality. Patients We included 34 critically ill patients (males=26), aged=54.85±19.86 (mean±SD) yrs, that required mechanical ventilation due to non-pulmonary direct cause (APACHE II score=23.58±14.7; PaO2/FiO2=240.00±98.29).Setting ICU with 9 beds from a regional teaching hospital. Intervention and Results The patients were followed up until development of VAP, successful weaning or death. There were significant differences between mean EBC pH from the 4 procedures with the exception of spontaneous EBC de-aerated with Argon (n=79; 6.74±0.28) and coolant chamber deaerated with Argon (n=79; 6.70±0.36; p=NS by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test). However, none of the procedures were extrapolated between each other according to Bland & Altman method. The mean EBC pH from the trap without Argon was 6.50±0.28. From the total of 34 patients, 22 survived and were discharged and 12 patients died in the ICU. Conclusion Spontaneous EBC pH could not be extrapolated to EBC pH from coolant chamber and it did not change in subjects who dead, neither subject with VAP in comparison with baseline data. The lack of other biomarker in EBC and the lack of a control group determinate the need for further studies in this setting (AU)

Objetivos: Evaluar si el Condensado del aire exhalado (CAE), considerado como un marcador prometedor y en continuo crecimiento para evaluar la inflamación pulmonar; es útil en pacientes ventilados mecánicamente (ARM). Mediante un estudio clínico, prospectivo se pretendió descubrir si el CAE generado espontáneamente en las trampas de la rama espiratoria del respirador podrían reemplazar al CAE obtenido a través de una cámara de frío y estabilizado con Argón como gas inerte. Luego, evaluar si el pH del CAE pudiera predecir el desarrollo de neumonía asociada al respirador (NAR) o la muerte. Pacientes: Se incluyeron 34 sujetos agudamente enfermos (hombres = 26), con una edad = 54,85 ± 19.86 (media ± DS) que requirieron ARM por causas directas no pulmonares (APACHE II = 23.58 ± 14.7; PaO2/FiO2 = 240.00 ± 98.29). Ámbito: Unidad de cuidados intensivos con 9 camas perteneciente a un hospital regional aniversitario. Intervenciones y resultados: El pH en el CAE se medía con un equipo ABL5 Radiometer Copenhagen. Se obtenían 2 muestras espontáneas de CAE y una era estabilizada con Argón antes de medir el pH; la otra se medía directamente. Luego se procedía a pasar la rama espiratoria por dentro de la cámara de frío a -3° y se repartían en 2 muestras iguales para pH ya sea con o sin estabilización con Argón. Los pacientes eran seguidos hasta que eran extubados, surgía NAR o la muerte. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las medias de pH del CAE obtenido por los 4 procedimientos; entre pHCAE espontáneo estabilizado con Argón (n = 79; 6.74 ± 0.28) y el pHCAE obtenido con la cámara de frío y Argón (n = 79; 6.70 ± 0.36; p = NS. Prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey). No obstante, ambos métodos no fueron extrapolables o reemplazables entre sí de acuerdo al método de Bland y Altman. La media de pH CAE espontáneo sin Argón fue 6.50 ± 0.28. De un total de 34 pacientes, 22 fueron dados de alta y 12 fallecieron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Ninguno de los métodos de pH CAE pudo predecir el destino final de cada paciente. Conclusión: el pH del CAE obtenido con cámara de frío no sería reemplazable por el CAE espontáneo. Más aun, el pH del CAE se mantuvo constante a lo largo del estudio, aun en pacientes que fallecieron, o desarrollaron NAR, o fueron extubados con éxito. La falta de medición de otro marcador en el CAE, además del pH y la falta de un grupo control determinan la necesidad de futuros estudios en pacientes ventilados mecánicamente

Comparison of three obturation techniques with regard to bacterial leakage

AIM: To compare bacterial leakage in root canals obturated with the modified single-cone, lateral condensation, and continuous wave of condensation techniques. METHODS: Distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were shaped up to ProTaper F2 and obturated with modified singlecone, lateral condensation or continuous wave of condensation technique. Two-chamber bacterial model using Enterococcus faecalis was employed for bacterial leakage evaluation for 30 days. The chi-square test was applied to evaluate differences between turbid and non-turbid samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for evaluating the time necessary for microleakage. A significance level of 5% was set for all analyses. RESULTS: The modified single-cone technique showed leakage in 73.3% of samples, lateral condensation in 66.6%, and continuous wave of condensation in 53.3%, but there were no significant differences among the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the modified single-cone technique shows similar sealing efficacy to that of lateral condensation and continuous wave of condensation technique.

Hidrocompatibilidad de las siliconas por condensación de consistencia liviana / Hydrocompatibility of the silicones by condensation of light consistency

Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad de hidrocompatibilidad de las siliconas por condensación de consistencia liviana, de acuerdo al ángulo de contacto. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo con la finalidad de evaluar la capacidad de hidrocompatibilidad de tres siliconas por condensación para ello se diseñaron 3 cuerpos de prueba de forma rectangular de 1 cm de espesor y 10 cm de largo, utilizando moldes de aluminio fabricados para este fin. Se llenaron los moldes con diferentes marcas comerciales de silicona liviana por condensación (Orange wash, Speedex y lastic 90 Fine). Sobre la superficie de la silicona se depositó una gota de agua destilada de 10 uL. de volumen utilizando una micropipeta Boeco y se tomaron fotografías de esta a los 0, 10 y 30 segundos. La experiencia se realizó 10 veces en cada cuerpo de prueba, siempre en un área limpia, de forma que se obtuvieron 30 fotografías por cada marca de silicona. Posteriormente, las imágenes fueron procesadas en un software para medir el ángulo de contacto a cada lado de la gota de agua (tpsDig), por lo que finalmente se consiguieron 60 mediciones por cuerpo de prueba (20 por cada tiempo considerado). Para determinar la hidrocompatibilidad se realizó el análisis estadístico media aritmética y desviación estándar. Resultados. El análisis descriptivo de los datos mostró que la silicona por condensación de consistencia liviana Speedex mostró un mejor comportamiento respecto a la disminución del ángulo de contacto y humectabilidad de superficie con el paso del tiempo tanto a los 10 y 30 segundos, seguido por la silicona Orange wash. La silicona Lastic 90 Fine presentó una pobre hidrocompatibilidad ya que su ángulo de contacto permaneció inalterable a pesar del paso de tiempo. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias marcadas respecto a la hidrocompatibilidad de los diferentes materiales utilizados en este estudio. La silicona que presento mejor hidrocompatibilidad fue la Speedex ...

Objective.To evaluate the capacity of hidrocompatibility of the silicones by condensation of light consitency, according to the contact angle. Material and methods. A descriptive, comparative study was made with the purpose of evaluating the capacity of hidrocompatibility of three silicones by condensation, for this reason, 3 bodies of test of rectangular form with a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm were designed, using molds of aluminium made for this use. The molds were filled by different commercial brands of light silicone by condensation (Orange wash, Speedex and lastic 90 Fine). On the surface of the silicone a drop of distilled water of 10 uL of volume was deposited ,using a micropipette Boeco and photographies of this was one was taken at 0, 10 and 30 seconds. The experience was made 10 times in every body of test, always in a clean area, there were taken 30 photographies by every brand of silicone. Then, the images were processed in software to measure the contact angle to every side of the water drop (tpsDig); finally 60 measurements were obtained by body of test (20 in each time). To evaluate hydrocompatibility, there were made statistical analysis using arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Results. The descriptive analysis of the data showed that the silicone by light condensation Speedex had a better behavior with regard to the decrease of the contact angle and surface wettability with the time, from 10 to 30 seconds, followed by the silicone Orange wash. The silicone Lastic 90 Fine showed a poor hydrocompatibility and its contact angle remained without changes in spite of the time. Conclusions. There are differences with regard to the hydrocompatibility of the different materials used in this study. Silicone that shows a better hydrocompatibility was the brand Speedex while the brand Lastic 90 Fine showed worst results with regard to the contact angle.

A poética do tempo / espaço em A mesa / The poetics of time / space in The table

O poema “A mesa”, numa primeira leitura, consistiria na fala de um filho dirigida a seu pai: lançando a hipótese de uma festa em homenagem ao pai, o filho passa a descrever como seria esse “grande jantar”. Mas, evidentemente, o Poeta vai muito além da mera descrição. Com efeito, ao reunir a família inteira - os mortos e os vivos - as dimensões temporais e espaciais acabam por se fundir: passado e presente se condensam num mesmo espaço e objeto, a mesa. Cabe indagar, afinal de contas: 1. Como é esse fazer poético do ubíquo e do icônico? 2. Com que mecanismo e instrumentos linguísticos o Poeta constrói essa reunião de vivos e mortos em tomo da mesa, num só tempo e espaço? 3. Por que reunir a família toda e o que busca o Poeta nesse percurso em volta da mesa? Nosso propósito, neste artigo, é responder essas perguntas.(AU)

The poem “The table”, on a first reading, would consist in the speech of a son addressed to his father: introducing the hypothesis of a party to honor his father, the son begins to describe what this “great dinner” might be. But it is evident that the Poet goes far beyond a mere description. Indeed, by bringing together the whole family - the dead and alive ones - the temporal and spatial dimensions end up merging: past and present are condensed in a single space and object, the table. It is worth asking, after all: 1. How is this poetics of the ubiquitous and iconic? 2. Through what mechanism and linguistic tools does the Poet build this meeting between the living and dead ones around the table, at a single time and space? 3. Why gathering the whole family and what does the Poet seek in this path around the table? Our purpose, in this paper, is to answer these questions.(AU)

A poética do tempo/espaço em "A mesa" / The poetics of time/space in "The table"

O poema “A mesa”, numa primeira leitura, consistiria na fala de um filho dirigida a seu pai: lançando a hipótese de uma festa em homenagem ao pai, o filho passa a descrever como seria esse “grande jantar”. Mas, evidentemente, o Poeta vai muito além da mera descrição. Com efeito, ao reunir a família inteira - os mortos e os vivos - as dimensões temporais e espaciais acabam por se fundir: passado e presente se condensam num mesmo espaço e objeto, a mesa. Cabe indagar, afinal de contas: 1. Como é esse fazer poético do ubíquo e do icônico? 2. Com que mecanismo e instrumentos linguísticos o Poeta constrói essa reunião de vivos e mortos em tomo da mesa, num só tempo e espaço? 3. Por que reunir a família toda e o que busca o Poeta nesse percurso em volta da mesa? Nosso propósito, neste artigo, é responder essas perguntas.

The poem “The table”, on a first reading, would consist in the speech of a son addressed to his father: introducing the hypothesis of a party to honor his father, the son begins to describe what this “great dinner” might be. But it is evident that the Poet goes far beyond a mere description. Indeed, by bringing together the whole family - the dead and alive ones - the temporal and spatial dimensions end up merging: past and present are condensed in a single space and object, the table. It is worth asking, after all: 1. How is this poetics of the ubiquitous and iconic? 2. Through what mechanism and linguistic tools does the Poet build this meeting between the living and dead ones around the table, at a single time and space? 3. Why gathering the whole family and what does the Poet seek in this path around the table? Our purpose, in this paper, is to answer these questions.

Flexural strength of parckable composites: influence of materials and packng force

This study evaluated the influence of packing forces on the flexural strength of three packable and one hybrid composite. A metallic stardard mold was used to prepare 12 specimens from each packable composite (ALERT, Solitaire and Surefil) and a hybrid composite (Filtek Z250), divided in two packing forces (7.4 N and 17.2 N). The specimens were light cured for 40 seconds, being immersed in distilled water for seven days. Flexural strength was measured on a testing machine; at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minutes. Data were analyzed using parametric statistical tests. Materials exhibited statistically significant differences (p<0.05): Surefil = Filtek Z250 > ALERT > Solitaire. No statistical differences in flexural strength were found between the packing forces and the interaction. It was conclued that packing forces do not affect flexural strength of tested composites, and packable composites had similar or lower flexural strength than a hybrid composite.

Estudo comparativo da infiltração apical de duas técnicas de obturação do canal radicular por meio de diafanização / Comparative study of the apical leakage of two root filling techniques by clearing teeth

A finalidade do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do selamento apical, através da comparação entre duas técnicas de obturação do canal radicular: técnica híbrida de Tagger e a técnica de condensação lateral. Trinta e cinco dentes humanos unirradiculares extraídos tiveram seus condutos preparados pela técnica coroa-ápice e o forama apical padronizado em seu diâmetro com a lima 30. Após a instrumentação, quinze dentes obturados pela técnica híbrida de Tagger (grupo I) e quinze dentes obturados pela técnica de condensação lateral (grupo II). Um controle positivo (n=5) foi desenvolvido. Após, os dentes foram revestidos com verniz de unhas exceto nos dois milímetros apicais e imersos em nanquim pôr uma semana. A seguir, o procedimento de diafanização foi realizado e cada amostra foi avaliada em estreomicroscópio, mensurando-se a infiltração com uma escala milimétrica. Como a diafanização permite uma visão tridimensional da estrutura dentária e da anatomia intra-radicular, o examinador anotava sempre o maior grau de infiltração observado. As duas técnicas obturadoras avaliadas apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente frente aos escores de infiltração (Mann-Whitney U= 53.00, P<0,05), com número mais prevalente de infiltração apical nas amosras obturadas com a técnica de condensação lateral (grupo II).

Análise comparativa das técnicas de desobturação ultrassônica e com o laser Diodo de alta intensidade, em função do tempo e quantidade de material removido / Comparative analysis of ultrasonic and Diode laser technique on gutta-percha removal, according to the time and amount of removed material

Introdução - O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar duas técnicas de desobturação (ultrassônica e com laser de Diodo 810 nm) em relação ao tempo gasto para atingir o CRT (comprimento real de trabalho) e quantidade de material removido. Material e Métodos - Utilizaram-se 50 canais simulados,obturados com três diferentes técnicas (termocompactação por McSpadden com guta-percha convencional e com guta-percha TP e por condensação lateral). Dividiu-se a amostra em dois grupos. O Grupo G1, desobturado com ponta de ultra-som, que penetrava com movimento de translação ao redor do canal até chegar ao CRT, foi dividido em três subgrupos conforme a técnica deobturação: G1Mc (McSpadden e guta-percha convencional), G1Mt (McSpadden e guta-perchaTP) e G1Cl (condensação lateral). No Grupo 2 (G2) foi utilizado o laser de Diodo (3W em modo contínuo) para desobturação, penetrando a fibra no canal pelo centro da obturação com movimento de entrada e retrocesso pontual e leve até alcançar o CRT e com movimentos helicoidais ápicocoronais na retirada da fibra. Este também foi dividido em três subgrupos segundo as técnicas de obturação (G2Mc, G2Mt e G2Cl). As massas dos canais foram mensuradas antes e após a desobturação, calculando-se a diferença das massas. Também foi medido o tempo necessário para se alcançar o CRT pré-estabelecido (22 mm). Realizou-se análise de variância ANOVA. Resultados - Com relação à diferença de massa houve significância estatística (p = 0,001) entre os grupos G1Cl>G2Cl, G1Mc>G2Mc e G1Mt>G2Mt. Com relação ao tempo (p = 0,001) também houve diferença estatisticamente significante sendo G1Mc>G2Mc, G1Mt>G2Mt e G1Cl>G2Cl. Conclusão - Ambas as técnicas são válidas para a remoção de material obturador, sendo que a técnica ultrassônica removeu maior quantidade de guta-percha, enquanto que o laser de Diodo alcançou ocomprimento de trabalho em menos tempo, independente da técnica obturadora.

Introduction - The aim of this study was to compare two gutta-percha removal techniques (ultrasound and with Diode laser - 810 nm), analyzing the time spent to reach the work length and the amount of removed material. Material and Methods - Fifty simulated canals filled with three different techniques (McSpadden with conventional and TP gutta-percha and lateral condensation) were divided in two groups. The Group G1 was desobturaded with an ultrasound tip, which penetrated with translation movement around the canal to achieve the work length. It was divided in three subgroups, according to the filling technique: G1Mc (McSpadden and conventional guttapercha), G1Mt (McSpadden and gutta-percha TP) and G1Cl (lateral condensation). The Group 2(G2) used the Diode laser (3W in continuous wave), penetrating the fiber in the center of the canal with punctual and gentle entrance movements until the work length was reached and with translation movements on the fiber removal. This group was also divided in three subgroups according to the filling technique (G2Mc, G2Mt and G2Cl). The canals mass were measured before and after the filling removal, calculating the mass difference. It was also measured the necessary time to reach the established work length (22 mm). The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results - Regarding the mass difference average, there were significant statistical differences (p = 0,001) between the groups: G1Cl>G2Cl, G1Mc>G2Mc and G1Mt>G2Mt. Regarding time (p = 0,001), there were also significant statistical differences: G1Mc>G2Mc,G1Mt>G2Mt and G1Cl>G2Cl. Conclusion - Both techniques are useful to remove the filling material,and the ultrasonic technique removed a larger amount of gutta-percha, while the Diode laser reached the work length in less time, independent of the obturation technique.

Efeito das soluções irrigadoras e do laser Er: Yag no selamento apical de dentes tratados endodonticamente / Effect of irrigating solutions and Er: Yag laser on apical sealing of endodontically treated teeth

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar in vitro a infiltração marginal apical em canais radiculares obturados com dois tipos de cimentos endodônticos e após três diferentes formas de tratamento das paredes dentinárias durante a instrumentação. Foram utilizados 62 incisivos centrais humanos unirradiculares, instrumentados manualmente pela técnica cervicoapical sob irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento a cada troca de instrumento. Dois dentes serviram como controle e foram obturados com cones de guta-percha sem cimento obturador. Os demais foram divididos em três grupos de vinte dentes. Grupo 1 - após o término da instrumentação os dentes foram obturados com os cimentos Endo Fill (n = 10) e Top Seal (n = 10) pela técnica da condensação lateral da guta-percha; Grupo II - após a instrumentação, os dentes receberam uma irrigação final com EDTA 17 por cento por cinco minutos, seguido pela obturação dos canais radiculares como descrito no Grupo I; Grupo III - recbeu aplicação de laser Er: YAG (15 Hz, 140mj, 42) após a instrumentação seguido da obturação dos canais radiculares conforme o Grupo I. A infiltração foi avaliada pelo método de penetração da tinta nanquim e diafanização. Os resultados mostraram que os dentes selados com cimento Top Seal apresentaram menores níveis de infiltração apical (p < 0,01). Os irrigados com EDTA 17 por cento também apresentaram níveis de infiltração menores (p < 0,01) que os dentes irrigados somente com hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento e irradiados com laser Er:YAG, que foram semelhantes entre si

Influence of condansation method and alloy type on mercury vapor release and residual porosity of dental amalgams / Influência do método de condensação e tipo de liga sobre a liberação de vapor de mercúrio e porosidade residual de amálgamas dentários

Objetivo: Verificar a influência do método de condensação e do tipo de liga na liberação de vapor de mercúrio e poro-sidade residual de amálgamas dentários. Material e Métodos: Três tipos de amálgama foram testados: forma de aparas (F-4000), forma esférica (Logic Plus) e mistura (Permit-C). A liga foi condensada em cavidades cilíndricas através de três técnicas: manual (Ward # 2), mecânica (Densco-Teledyne) e ultrasônica (Gnatus). Os procedimentos foram executados dentro de uma caixa de acrílico (50 x 50 x 35 cm, ou 0,0875 m3) contendo uma bomba exaustora (6 l/min). O nível do vapor de mercúrio foi monitorado durante 15 min após a trituração. A superfície dos corpos-de-prova recebeu polimento metalográfico e a porosidade foi analisada através de imagens digitais com 100x de aumento. Os resultados foram sub-metidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p>0.05). Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significantes nos valores de liberação de vapor de Hg entre os tipos de liga (p<0.01) e técnicas de condensação (p<0.01). A liga em forma de aparas produziu liberação de Hg significantemente maior que a liga esférica. A condensação ultrasônica produziu níveis de vapor de Hg significantemente maior que as outras técnicas. Porosidade residual não foi influenciada pelo tipo de liga. Porém, quanto ao tipo de condensação, a utilização do aparelho ultrsônico produziu a maior porcentagem de porosidade no amálgama (p<0.05). Conclusão: O método de condensação e o tipo de liga têm influência na liberação de vapor de mercúrio e também na porosidade residual de amálgamas dentários.

Effect of packing types on the dimensional accuracy of denture base resin cured by the conventional cycle in relation to post-pressing times

Este estudo investigou a alteração dimensional de bases de prótese total influenciada pelos métodos de prensagem em relação ao tempo de pós-prensagem da resina acrílica Clássico, proporcionada e manipulada de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Quarenta bases superiores em cera foram feitas e separadas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos de 20 corpos-de-prova de acordo com os métodos de prensagem convencional e pelo sistema RS de contensão. Em cada método os corpos-de-prova foram divididos de acordo com os tempos pós-prensagem imediato, 6, 12 e 24 horas. A massa de resina acrílica foi prensada em mufla metálica e polimerizada em banho de água aquecida a 74ºC por 9 horas. Após esfriar em temperatura ambiente, as bases de resina foram removidas das muflas, acabadas e fixadas nos modelos de gesso com adesivo instantâneo. O conjunto base de resina-modelo de gesso foi seccionado transversalmente em 3 secções e o espaço entre base-modelo medido em 5 pontos em cada secção. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (5%) e demonstraram que: o sistema RS promoveu menor distorção da base quando comparado com a prensagem convencional, com exceção do tempo pós-prensagem de 24 horas. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre os métodos de prensagem somente na secção C. No método convencional, os tempos imediato e de 6 horas mostraram valores sem diferença estatística significativa entre si, assim como entre os tempos pós-prensagem 12 e 24 horas.